|
   |
|
CASE REPORT |
|
|
|
| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 43
| Issue : 2 | Page : 206-207 |
| |
Case report of co-existing keratotic balanitis and squamous cell carcinoma in a 42-year-old male
Neerja Puri, Onkar Singh, Balvinder Kaur Brar
Department of Dermatology, G G S Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| Date of Submission | 28-May-2021 |
| Date of Decision | 04-Mar-2022 |
| Date of Acceptance | 05-Mar-2022 |
| Date of Web Publication | 17-Nov-2022 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Neerja Puri
Department of Dermatology, G G S Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_50_21
 Abstract | | |
Although a number of premalignant and malignant lesions affect the genitalia of men, such as condyloma acuminata, erythroplasia of queyrat, squamous cell carcinoma, hyperkeratotic balanitis is rare and a patient showing both hyperkeratotic and well-differentaited squamous cell carcinoma is rarer. We report the case of a 42-year-old male, who had a hyperkeratotic plaque like lesions over the glans, with accompanied atrophic areas.
Keywords: Balanitis, hyperkeratotic, malignant, plaque, squamous cell carcinoma
How to cite this article:
Puri N, Singh O, Brar BK. Case report of co-existing keratotic balanitis and squamous cell carcinoma in a 42-year-old male. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2022;43:206-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Puri N, Singh O, Brar BK. Case report of co-existing keratotic balanitis and squamous cell carcinoma in a 42-year-old male. Indian J Sex Transm Dis [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 6];43:206-7. Available from: https://ijstd.org/text.asp?2022/43/2/206/361322 |
| Introduction | |  |
Hyperkeratotic balanitis is a rare condition, which mainly affects uncircumscribed elderly males.[1] Although it is usually asymptomatic, accompanied fissuring might lead to irritation and it can psychologically impact the patient. It is considered as benign condition by many but progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma had been observed.
| Case Report | | |
A 42-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient department (OPD) with yellowish hyperkeratotic plaques over the glans penis and associated atrophic areas [Figure 1] and [Figure 2]. The atrophic lesion was glistening white in color, with slight surrounding erythema and hyperpigmented borders. Although the lesions were mostly asymptomatic, not associated with any spontaneous bleeding, slight irritation and itching were present, mainly on the atrophic areas. On examination, thick hyperkeratotic yellowish plaques were observed on the glans penis with surrounding erythematous atrophic areas, slight deformity was observed around the urethral meatus. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. Dermascopy was done which showed structureless (yellow arrow) white areas with multiple yellowish (green arrow), bluish or erythematous hues and few visible linear vessels (blue arrow). Biopsy was done from two sites, one from hyperkeratotic plaque and other from the surrounding atrophic area. Differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, lichen atrophicus, and erythroplasia of queyrat were kept in mind. | Figure 2: Dermoscopy showing structureless (yellow arrow) white areas with multiple yellowish (green arrow), bluish or erythematous hues
Click here to view |
Histopathology from the hyperkeratotic plaque revealed dense lymphoplasmocytic lichenoid infiltrate with irregular psoriasiform hyperplasia of epithelium with thickening of rete ridges and a diagnosis of keratotic balanitis was made.
The biopsy from the atrophic lesion showed keratinocytes with individual cell keratinization and formation of occasional horn pearls with incompletely keratinizing centers [Figure 3] and [Figure 4]. Other features such as nuclear atypia and altered nuclear/cytoplasm ratio were present. On clinicopathological correlation, a diagnosis of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was made. | Figure 3: Histopathology from hyperkeratotic plaque showing lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate with psoriasiform hyperplasia
Click here to view |
 | Figure 4: Histopathology from atrophic area showing horn pearls with incompletely keratinizing centre confirming the diagnosis
Click here to view |
| Discussion | | |
Hyperkeratotic balanitis is considered a rare condition affecting uncircumcised elderly males, but in our case, the patient was a 42-year-old male, with a history of around 10 months. It presents with a hyperkeratotic plaque with thick micaceous scaling, with slight irritation and burning sensation.[2] The plaque can become extremely thick and can resemble a penile horn. Involvement of the skin around the urethral meatus can lead to multiple micturition difficulties such as watering can appearance of penis.[3]
Its etiopathogenesis is unclear and it is sometimes considered as pseudoepitheliomatous response to an infection. Some degree of overlap with verrucous is observed. Another school of thought considers it to be a variant of lichen sclerosus. In our patient, progression to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma has been documented. The patient underwent three biopsies, first biopsy showed leukoplakia, while the two biopsies taken at our institute from different sites after about 4 months after the first biopsy, showed well-differentiated SCC and keratotic balanitis. Penile horn, condyloma acuminata, psoriasis, lichen planus of genitalia, keratoacanthoma, etc., are the important differential diagnosis. The patient presented to our OPD after using topical steroids and other oral as well as topical treatments from various physicians.
Treatment modalities include physical therapies such as cryotherapy, surgical excision or topical 5FU, podophyllin resin, steroids, etc.[4] Treatment of well-differentaited squamous cell carcinoma needs surgical excision. Our patient was referred to the surgery department, and the lesion was surgically excised.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Bart RS, Kopf AW. On a dilemma of penile horns: Pseudoepitheliomatous, hyperkeratotic and micaceous balanitis? J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1977;3:580-2.  |
| 2. | Pai VV, Hanumanthayya K, Naveen KN, Rao R, Dinesh U. Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, and micaceous balanitis presenting as cutaneous horn in an adult male. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2010;76:547-9. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 3. | Zawar V, Kirloskar M, Chuh A. 'Watering-can penis' in pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic and micaceous balanitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2004;84:329-30. |
| 4. | Chaux A, Pfannl R, Rodríguez IM, Barreto JE, Velazquez EF, Lezcano C, et al. Distinctive immunohistochemical profile of penile intraepithelial lesions: A study of 74 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2011;35:553-62. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
|
