Official Publication of the Indian Association for the Study of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
The Journal
|
Search
|
Ahead Of Print
|
Current Issue
|
Archives
|
Instructions
|
Subscribe
|
Reader Login
Users online:
535
Export selected to
Endnote
Reference Manager
Procite
Medlars Format
RefWorks Format
BibTex Format
Access statistics : Table of Contents
2010| January-June | Volume 31 | Issue 1
Online since
September 3, 2010
Archives
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Most popular articles
Most cited articles
Show all abstracts
Show selected abstracts
Export selected to
Viewed
PDF
Cited
RESIDENT’S PAGE
Formulating a researchable question: A critical step for facilitating good clinical research
Sadaf Aslam, Patricia Emmanuel
January-June 2010, 31(1):47-50
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69003
PMID
:21808439
Developing a researchable question is one of the challenging tasks a researcher encounters when initiating a project. Both, unanswered issues in current clinical practice or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This article will assist researchers by providing step-by-step guidance on the formulation of a research question. This paper also describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, we also assess the characteristics of a research question in the context of initiating a research project.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
41,907
383
157
REVIEW ARTICLE
Adolescent HIV/AIDS: Issues and challenges
Smriti Naswa, YS Marfatia
January-June 2010, 31(1):1-10
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68993
PMID
:21808429
Adolescence (10- 19 years) is a phase of physical growth and development accompanied by sexual maturation, often leading to intimate relationships. Adolescent HIV/AIDS is a separate epidemic and needs to be handled and managed separately from adult HIV. The adolescents can be subdivided into student, slum and street youth; street adolescents being most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Among various risk factors and situations for adolescents contracting HIV virus are adolescent sex workers, child trafficking, child labor, migrant population, childhood sexual abuse, coercive sex with an older person and biologic (immature reproductive tract) as well as psychological vulnerability. The most common mode of transmission is heterosexual, yet increasing number of perinatally infected children are entering adolescence. This is due to "bimodal progression" (rapid and slow progressors) among the vertically infected children. Clinically, the HIV infected adolescents present as physically stunted individuals, with delayed puberty and adrenarche. Mental illness and substance abuse are important co-morbidities. The disclosure and declaration of HIV status to self and family is challenging and guilt in sexually infected adolescents and tendency to blame parents if vertically affected need special consideration and proper counseling. Serodiscordance of the twins and difference in disease progression of seroconcordant twins are added causes of emotional trauma. Treatment related issues revolve around the when and what of initiation of ART; the choice of antiretrovirals and their dosages; issues related to long term ADRs; sense of disinhibition following ART commencement; adherence and resistance.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
18,377
465
26
PHOTO QUIZ
What is your diagnosis?
Khozema Saify, PK Saraswat, Dinesh Mishra, Pulak Jeswani
January-June 2010, 31(1):63-64
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69010
PMID
:21808443
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
18,266
150
-
CASE REPORTS
Mycetoma: Nonvenereal perineal lesions
Shweta Gupta, Khushbu Jain, Chirag Parmar, Parul Shah, Ranjan C Raval
January-June 2010, 31(1):39-41
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69000
PMID
:21808436
Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous disease of the skin, and subcutaneous tissue, which sometimes involves muscle, bones, and neighboring organs. It is characterized by tumefaction, abscess formation, and fistulae with discharge of grains from sinuses. Mycetoma can be caused by various species of fungi (eumycetoma) and aerobic actinomycetes (actinomycetoma), which occur as saprophytes in soil or plants. A tentative diagnosis sufficient to initiate treatment may be made on the basis of grain color. For instance, melanoid grains are always caused by fungi and ochroid or pale grains by actinomycetes. Although this is not the thumbrule, there are exceptional reports too. As trauma favors infection, most lesions are on the foot and lower leg but they may occur anywhere on the body mimicking actinomycosis. However, lab investigations and culture are important tool to differentiate apart from the clinical picture. We are reporting atypical case with unusual site of presentation (perineum and thigh) of mycetoma.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
10,599
104
4
NEWS AND FILLER
Enhanced syndromic case management of reproductive tract infection/sexually transmitted infection cases as per National AIDS Control Organization guidelines
Anup R Amin
January-June 2010, 31(1):61-62
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69009
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
10,199
230
1
CASE REPORTS
Disseminated histoplasmosis with conjunctival involvement in an immunocompromised patient
Arun Shirali, Jyoti Kini, Anjith Vupputuri, Maria Kuruvila, M Venkatraya Prabhu
January-June 2010, 31(1):35-38
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68999
PMID
:21808435
We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 37-year-old male acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient from south India. The patient presented with high-grade fever, cough, conjunctival nodule and papulonodular hyperpigmented skin lesions. Histology of skin lesions and conjunctival nodule showed numerous intracellular Periodic Acid Schiff-positive rounded yeast cells within macrophages. Bone marrow aspirate confirmed disseminated histoplasmosis. The patient showed dramatic response after starting treatment with Amphotercin B.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
9,409
106
3
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Management of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients: Experience from western India
Atul K Patel, Ketan K Patel, Rajiv Ranjan, Shalin Shah, Jagdish K Patel
January-June 2010, 31(1):22-26
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68996
PMID
:21808432
Introduction:
Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining infections with high mortality. Amphotericin B is the preferred drug for induction therapy. Despite advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) roll-out programs and availability of amphotericin B, cryptococcal meningitis remains an important cause of mortality in the African and other developing countries.
Materials and Methods:
We carried out a prospective observational study to determine the treatment response rate, tolerability and outcome of patients with cryptococcal meningitis in HIV treated with amphotericin B. Descriptive statistic was used to analyze the data.
Results:
A total of 27 patients were diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis during the study period. Headache (96.29%) was the single most common presenting symptom of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients, followed by vomiting (77.77%) and fever (66.66%). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) routine and microscopic examination was within normal limits in six patients. CSF became sterile on the 12th day of Amphotericin B in 55.55% of the patients while 33.33% had positive CSF cultures. Patients were started with ART after achieving sterile CSF and tolerated at least 2 weeks of fluconazole consolidation treatment and were free from symptoms. Median time for antiretroviral treatment initiation was 35 (14-90) days after completion of Amphotericin B treatment. One patient developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after ART.
Conclusions:
We found that the recommended 2 weeks induction treatment with Amphotericin B monotherapy for HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited settings may be suboptimal for at least one-third of the patients. Extending the therapy to 3 weeks is likely to result in sterilization of the CSF in a majority of these patients. This finding requires confirmation by a larger sample size in appropriately powered studies. Delaying ART initiation by at least 2 weeks after amphotericin B treatment may decrease the incidence of IRIS.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8,148
150
7
Tenofovir-associated renal dysfunction in clinical practice: An observational cohort from western India
Ketan K Patel, Atul K Patel, Rajiv R Ranjan, Apurva R Patel, Jagdish K Patel
January-June 2010, 31(1):30-34
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68998
PMID
:21808434
Background:
Tenofovir (TDF) is preferred nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection because of its potency and safety. Renal toxicity with TDF use is low and comparable with other NRTI in clinical trials, but there are many case studies and small case series of renal dysfunction with TDF.
Materials and Methods:
This is an observational longitudinal cohort of patients started on a TDF-based regimen from January 2007 to April 2010. Patients were evaluated at baseline and with every follow-up visit for serum creatinine and calculated creatinine clearance (Cockroft-Gault formula). In addition to this, the patients were also subjected to test for serum potassium, phosphorous and urine examinations as and when indicated. Renal dysfunction was defined as rise in serum creatinine to more than the upper level of normal (>1.2 mg%).
Results:
Of 1,271 patients started on a TDF-containing antiretroviral treatment (ART) 83 (6.53%) developed renal dysfunction, of which 79 had impaired serum creatinine and five had Fanconi's syndrome. Renal dysfunction was more common with boosted a protease inhibitor (PI) (9.44%)-based regimen as compared to a non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) (5.01%)-based regimen (
P
= 0.003). The mean decline in creatinine clearance from baseline was 22.27 ml/min. The median time to develop renal dysfunction was 154 (15-935) days. Serum creatinine returned to normal in all the patients after stopping TDF. Five patients presented with features suggestive of Fanconi's syndrome without alteration in serum creatinine.
Conclusion:
TDF-based treatment is associated with mild but reversible renal dysfunction. Patients receiving PI/r are at a higher risk of renal dysfunction compared to those receiving NNRTI-based ART. Clinicians should be adviced to have intensive renal monitoring, including creatinine clearance, urine examination, K+ and phosphate levels at baseline and during treatment with TDF.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
7,947
110
18
Herpes simplex virus type 2: Seroprevalence in antenatal women
Shagufta Rathore, Aditi Jamwal, Vipin Gupta
January-June 2010, 31(1):11-15
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68994
PMID
:21808430
Aims:
To determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) infection in pregnant females, assess the frequency of unrecognized infection and identify the demographic profile and risk factors associated with the seroprevalence.
Materials and Methods:
Two hundred randomly selected, asymptomatic pregnant females attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department for a routine antenatal check-up constituted the study group. Serum specimens were screened for HSV-2 infection by detecting IgG class antibodies against HSV-2-specific glycoprotein G-2 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.
Results:
A seroprevalence of 7.5% was found in our study. Seropositivity was maximum in the age group ≥30 years (22.20%), followed by 26-30 years (9.7%), 21-25 years (2.20%) and ≤20 years (0%). HSV-2 seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with increasing age, parity, number of sexual partners, duration of sexual activity and history of abortions (
P
< 0.05). No statistically significant correlation was observed between seropositivity and other demographic variables such as place of residence, education, annual family income and occupation (
P
> 0.05). No statistically significant association of seropositivity with present or past history suggestive of other sexually transmitted infections was found. None of our cases tested positive for human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV).
Conclusion:
A relatively low prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity was found in our study, with a high frequency of unrecognized and asymptomatic infections. Our findings suggest that type-specific serotesting could be an efficient strategy to diagnose clinically asymptomatic HSV-2 infections and, therefore, to reduce the risk of HSV-2 and HIV sexual transmission by prophylactic counseling against unprotected intercourse. It may also be a useful adjunct in detecting cases who present with symptoms not directly suggestive of genital herpes.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
7,434
191
9
CASE REPORTS
Hidradenitis suppurativa in AIDS
Ravi Khambhati, Priyanka Singhal, YS Marfatia
January-June 2010, 31(1):45-46
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69002
PMID
:21808438
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disorder of the terminal follicular epithelium in the apocrine gland-bearing skin, characterized by comedo-like follicular occlusion, chronic relapsing inflammation, mucopurulent discharge, and progressive scarring. In this study, we report a case of 35-year-old HIV-positive man with recurrent nodular skin lesions with foul smelling discharge over face, gluteal region, thighs, and axilla. This case is unique because of its association with HIV leading to atypical manifestations and therapeutic challenges.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
7,041
102
6
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients: A study of two cases
Sejal Shah, Aditya Shah, Sachin Prajapati, Freny Bilimoria
January-June 2010, 31(1):42-44
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69001
PMID
:21808437
Cutaneous leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is emerging as increasingly frequent and serious new disease. Leishmaniasis may be acquired before or after HIV infection. We describe two cases of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients. Both the patients had papulonodular lesions on upper extremities and back with low CD4 count. Slit skin smear with giemsa stain revealed Leishman Donovan (LD) bodies and skin biopsy of both the patients revealed lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with numerous intracytoplasmic LD bodies.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
7,009
95
6
NEWS AND FILLER
Helminthiasis as impact factor of gynecological disorders
Valentyna Sklyarova
January-June 2010, 31(1):58-60
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69008
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
6,441
62
1
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Seroprevalence of HIV infection among the patients attending various emergency departments in a tertiary care hospital
Pushpa Devi, Usha Arora, Shalini Yadav, Sita Malhotra
January-June 2010, 31(1):27-29
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68997
PMID
:21808433
Emergency departments (EDs) receive patients from every background, socioeconomic group and health status. Hence, EDs can play a critical role in offering human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and help in the national strategy of early HIV detection. The present study was conducted on 400 patients attending various EDs after taking Institutional Review Board approval. They were screened for HIV antibodies by three rapid/simple assay tests having different principles/antigens as per the NACO guidelines. Twenty-three (5.75%) of the 400 patients were HIV reactive. Fifteen (65.22%) of the 23 HIV-reactive patients were unaware of their reactive status. Majority of the HIV-reactive (65.22%) patients were from the Medicine emergency followed by Orthopaedics and Surgery (13.04%). Seven (30.43%) had history of fever of more than 1 month duration. Eight (34.78%) of them were later on clinically diagnosed as having various opportunistic infections. Thus, the study emphasizes the need for expansion of routine voluntary HIV counseling and testing to all the patients who come to the ED and practicing universal work precautions by health care workers.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
5,496
100
5
Association of visceral adiposity with increased intrarenal artery resistive index in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Pierfrancesco Grima, Antonella Zizza, Marcello Guido, Paolo Tundo, Roberto Chiavaroli
January-June 2010, 31(1):16-21
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.68995
PMID
:21808431
Purpose:
The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to kidney function and intrarenal artery resistive index (IARI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients.
Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 102 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months in a prospective cohort study. Echographically, the PRFT and IARI were measured and the serum metabolic parameters were evaluated. PRFT and IARI were measured using a 3.75 MHz convex linear probe.
Results:
The mean of PRFT and IARI in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral obesity was considerably higher than that in patients without it (
P
<0.001 and <0.01, respectively). Using the average IARI as the dependent variable, age (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.14;
P
< 0.5) and PRFT (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.51;
P
<0.01) were independent factors associated with IARI.
Conclusion:
Our data indicate that ultrasonographic assessment of PRFT may have a potential to be a marker of increased endothelial damage with specific involvement of the renal vascular district in HIV-1-infected patients.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
5,492
83
-
BOOK REVIEW
History of IADVL (1973- 2009)
Timir Mehta, YS Marfatia
January-June 2010, 31(1):66-67
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
5,058
83
-
LETTERS TO EDITOR
Is overpromotion of emergency contraceptives misdirecting youth away from condom culture?
Karun Jain, Jami Swathi
January-June 2010, 31(1):54-55
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69005
PMID
:21808440
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
4,671
71
-
ABSTRACTS
Abstracts from current literature: Emergency contraception
Rahul Dixit, YS Marfatia
January-June 2010, 31(1):51-53
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
3,985
98
-
OBITUARY
Dr. N Kumar
P Elangovan
January-June 2010, 31(1):65-65
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
3,824
49
-
LETTERS TO EDITOR
Assessment of social support in HIV-positive individuals attending a tertiary care center
Debashis Nath, Naveet Wig, Nitin Mishra, Sajan Jiv Singh Nagpal, Madhu Vajpayee, Hemraj Pal, CS Pandav
January-June 2010, 31(1):56-57
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69007
PMID
:21808442
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
3,800
69
-
Control of STIs and HIV: The male reproductive and sexual health context - The paradigms
Karun Dev Sharma
January-June 2010, 31(1):55-55
DOI
:10.4103/0253-7184.69006
PMID
:21808441
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
3,691
77
-
Editorial Board
Addresses
Subscriptions
My Preferences
About us
|
Contact us
|
Sitemap
|
Advertise
|
What's New
|
Copyright and Disclaimer
|
Privacy Notice
© Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
Medknow
Online since 5
th
October, 2007